Ancient history Gs1 ( pre- history)

                                PRE-HISTORY 


PRE-HISTORY MEANS THERE ARE NO WRITTEN EVIDENCE AVAILABLE .

:- HUMAN BEING 1ST TIME APPEARED IN THE MIDDLE OF PLISTOCENE EPOCH.

:- MESOZOIC WAS THE FIRST TIME OF EVOLUTION. 

:- THE PRESENT PHASE OF HUMAN BEING EVOLUTION IS KNOWN AS HOLOCENE.

:- The early human history can be traced with the help of stone tools used by them and also the painting which which day created inside the cave were they lived .

:= On the basis of stone tools used by them the early human history can be divided into three phases.

(1) PALEOLITHIC PHASE:- IT IS FURTHER SUB DIVIDED IN TO 3                                                             PHASES .

   A. LOWER PALEOLITHIC PHASE ( 5LAKH BCE TO 1LAKH BCE) 

   B. MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC PHASE (1LAKH BCE TO 50K BCE) 

   C. UPPER PALEOLITHIC PHASE  (50K BCE TO 10K BCE) 

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A. Lower paleolithic phase, In this phase core stone tools were used which river irregular in shape and quit heavy the name of the the characteristics of tools of this period was hand axes 🪓 cleavers and choppers .

B. MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC PHASE, In this period the core stone was used for creating flakes. They were not effective then lower paleolithic tools. Most of the tools were rectangular in shape the name of the characteristics tools was scrapers, Burine,s and  Bludes. 

C. UPPER PALEOLITHIC PHASE, In this phase pointed tools were created which were basically triangular in shape .Instances of bones made tools are also found in this period at few places Harpoons were also found. 

:- ALL THESE OF PALEOLITHIC PHASE WERE FOUND ALL OVER INDIA EXCEPT GANGATIC PLAINS AND KERALA.

SOME IMPORTANT SITES OF PALEOLITHIC PHASE 

- BHIMBHITKA(MADYA PRADESH) 

- BELAN VALLEY (UTTAR PRADESH AND MADYA PRADESH) 

-SOHAN VALLEY (PAKISTAN) 

- KURNOOL (ANDRA PRADESH) 

- BRAHMAGIRI HILLS ( KARNATAKA) 


 

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         PALEOLITHIC Tools fig.no,1





PALEOLITHIC PAINTING 

                                               Paleolithic people created painting walls of cave. Basically they scratched the wall of cave to create image and then it was filled with the colour generally they used yellow green Brown and red colour. 

These colours were naturally obtained from the minerals these types of scratched paintings on the walls are known as petrograph.

 The major theme of this painting was hunting,  gathering, fighting sense animal riding etc.These  theme suggest the the early human basically early human concerned about there substance.

 Bhimbetka is the most important site regarding paleolithic painting for the first time these paintings discovered by archaeologist W.S WAKANKER.

                                                              


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(2) MESOLITHIC PHASE (10K BCE TO 6K BCE) 

IT IS KNOWN AS AS THE TRANSITION PHASE AND NOW EARTH BECOMING 🌎MORE WORMER. 
;-The characteristic tools of period was microlith which was small and sharp. It not only facilitated in effective killing of the animals but also in creating MESOLITHIC paintings.  
:-  Most of the tools were in shape of Lunate shape. Perhaps they were made in there shapes to be effective when launched on projectial path. 
:- They are instance of bow and arrow. THE first evidence of domestication of animals. IT found from ADAMGARH in MP and BaGOHAR in Rajasthan.   




MESOLITHIC paintings:-

                                             These were also petroluphs but more finer than the paleolithic painting they were using yellow, green, Brown and red colour and it was obtained naturally animal blood ( perhaps it increased the the longevity of painting and also it was specially available.)

THEMES OF PAINTING:- HUNTING, GATHERING, FISHING 🎣, CELIBRATION, GROUP DANCE, SEXUAL UNION, HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES ( DIVISION OF LABOUR'S ), PHALLUS AND YONI WORSHIP (PRIMITIVE WORSHIP. )

THESE ALL THEMES NOT ONLY REPRESENT SOCIO CULTURAL TIME OF THAT BUT ALSO IMPROVING AESTHETIC SENSE OF MESOLITHIC PEOPLE. 









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(3) NEOLITHIC PHASE ( 6K BCE TO 3K BCE) 

                    In this phase the tools were highly polished which increased its effectiveness. The first evidence of agriculture is found from this period from mehargarh in Balochistan province of Pakistan .

(the first evidence of Agricultural activity in the world happened in Syria)

:-  The community sense got consolidated in this period and people started to live at one place permanently. 

:-They  created wheel and it also wheel made pottery. Neolithic people also become aware of copper uses .

:- They mastered controlled use of fire 🔥. 



Q.MESOLITHIC rock cut architecture of India not only reflects the culture life of the times but also a fine aesthetic sence comparable to modern painting. Critically evaluate this comment. (PYQ,2015)


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    Thank you 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏


Location: India

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